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There are several industrial and commercial buildings which now exceed sixty stories or more. These buildings all need tall cranes to help move the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes that have their own vehicle attached or other kinds which are operated from the back of trucks. Tower cranes are the largest ones available on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. Wherever new construction such as skyscrapers or apartment buildings and commercial facilities such as shopping center are being built, chances are a crane will be on site.
Kinds
The two major kinds of cranes can be differentiated by the way in which their jib or boom raises supplies. The jib is the metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal as it carries items. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to upward or downward angles. The lifting capacity for both types can range from 30,000 lbs. to ten thousand pounds
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a vertical steel mast that is composed of separate [parts. The sections are added to be able increase the overall height of the machine. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The operator of the crane works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane utilizes a braided metal cord to be able to lift supplies. This cord extends out from a motor situated next to the control module to the end of the boom or jib. There is a pulley system located at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib has weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when heavy materials are lifted.
The hydraulic truck crane is a particular mobile crane that utilizes hydraulic power to raise and move thousands of pounds. Hydraulics utilizes forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the boom's pistons in opposite directions in order to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are really important in constructing major projects like airports, bridges, roadways and buildings. A crane can complete in minutes jobs that would normally take lots of hours and hundreds of men to accomplish.
These remarkable machinery have played a vital role in building cities, houses, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids within Egypt were probably constructed utilizing basic cranes to allow the heaviest supplies in one of the most amazing construction projects of all time.
The first cranes were established in 3000 B.C. Egypt in the reign of King Ramses. This lifting device was first used to collect water. The very first official "cranes" appeared during Ancient Greece. These devices were utilized to build a whole nation in the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were initially made out of wood. The designs of cranes started to change when dockyards started to need stronger and bigger machinery. Hick & Rothwell designed the very first cast iron cranes within Bolton, England, in 1834. This equipment can lift up to 2 tons. That very same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane more durable and stronger. This addition allowed cranes to have a larger capacity for lifting heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. Germany started to build cast iron cranes 4 years later. The very first cast iron crane made by Germany was made within Neuburg.
